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Diabetes, which is not properly controlled, can lead to periodontal disease (gum) in both the young and the elderly. The periodontal diseases are infections in the gums and bone that holds teeth in place.

Because of changes that occur in blood vessels with diabetes, blood vessel thickening may impede the efficiency of the flow of nutrients and the removal of debris from the tissues. This impediment in the circulation may weaken the gums and bones, making them more susceptible to infection.

In addition, if diabetes is not controlled well, high levels of glucose in the fluid from the mouth encourage the growth of bacteria that can cause gum disease.

The third factor, smoking is harmful to oral health even for people without diabetes. However, people with diabetes who smoke have a much bigger risk of gum disease.

Along with the lack of oral hygiene, diabetes can cause gingivitis, the first state of periodontal disease, or periodontitis, severe gum disease.

What are the symptoms of periodontal disease?

The following are the most common symptoms of gum disease. Symptoms may include:

• The redness, swelling and sensitivity of the gums.
• The bleeding while brushing teeth or uses dental floss.
• The retraction of the gums.
• The loosening or separating teeth.
• Bad breath persistent.
• The denture no longer fits you well.
• Pus between teeth and gums.
• A change in the bite and alignment of the jaw.

What are the different types of periodontal disease?

The different types of periodontal disease are often classified in stages depending on how the disease is advanced at the time of evaluation, including the following:

• Gingivitis: In gingivitis, the milder form of periodontal disease, it is likely that the gums are red, swollen and sensitive, easily causing bleeding during her daily cleaning and the use of dental floss. The treatment by the dentist, and a consistent and proper care at home to help resolve the problems associated with gingivitis.

• Periodontitis mild: Gingivitis untreated, causes mild periodontitis.This stage of gum disease shows evidence of the beginning of the erosion of the bone around the tooth. Prompt medical attention is needed to prevent further erosion and damage.

• The moderate to advanced periodontitis: This is the most advanced stage of gum disease, which shows a significant loss of bone and tissue around the teeth.

Treatment for periodontal disease: The specific treatment for periodontal disease will be determined by your dentist based on the following:

• His age, his overall health status and medical history.
• How advanced the disease.
• His tolerance for certain drugs, procedures or therapies.
• Their expectations for the trajectory of the disease.
• His opinion or preference.

Treatment may include any or a combination of the following:

Remove plaque: The deep cleaning can help remove plaque and infected tissue in the early stages of the disease, while smoothing the damaged surfaces of the roots of the teeth. The gums can then be assembled to the teeth.

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Medicines

Surgery: When the disease is advanced, the infected areas under the gums will be cleaned, and tissues are replaced. The types of surgery include:

• The reduction of oral sacks.
• The regenerative process.
• Soft tissue graft.
• Elongation of the crown.

 Dental implants